Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is the normal age-related process of muscle fiber loss. Type I muscle fibers support endurance and posture. Type II muscle fibers support strength for heavier loads and speed, as well as older adult functional independence in activities such as going up stairs and standing up from a chair. Resistance training can help slow muscle fiber loss at any age.

For this discussion,

we will examine the more microscopic underlying question: “Why do we lose muscle fibers with the aging process? Where do they go?”

Select one of the two reference articles listed below for this discussion. Within the selected article, read the abstract, introduction, conclusion, and at least one additional section of your choosing.

From your research, how would you answer the question: “Why does sarcopenia occur? Where do the muscle fibers go?” While you may use scientific terminology, also include your own words to describe the phenomenon.

Note

Support your positions with the assigned reading

. Use APA citation to credit your source

Neuropsychological disorder

This assignment continues your analysis of your selected neuropsychological disorder. The disorder is the same disorder you selected in Week 1 and for which you discussed its neurobiology in the Week 1 assignment (topic selection). Please remember – you will continue to use the same disorder to complete the Week 6 assignment (comprehensive Critical Review of the same disorder and its management).
Reminder – your completed Week 1 and Week 2 assignments will be used as a foundation to help you complete your Week 6 assignment (Critical Review) on the same disorder. Thus, your work in Week 1 and in Week 2 will be used to support your work in Week 6.
This week, please focus on the pharmacological (drug) treatment of your selected disorder. Other modes of treatment are not the focus of our class. For instance, papers that discuss psychotherapy, other than in passing, will not be given credit.

In your paper, please be sure that the following aspects of your topic are discussed:

• Describe the key classes of drugs used to treat your selected disorder. A “class” of drug usually indicates the drug’s mechanism of action (how the drug exerts is pharmacological effects on the body). Be sure to explain why this class of drugs or classes of drugs would be helpful in treating your selected disorder by describing the action of these drugs on the neurotransmitter system(s) involved in the disease process. Within each class of drug, there will be one or more drugs available on the market for use in clinical management, and examples of these should be included in your discussion.
• Analyze and describe the agonist-antagonist activity of the drugs, and the receptor types and subtypes on which the drugs will exert their pharmacological action. Indicate if these drugs will reverse or slow the disease process, or if they will only help ameliorate symptoms.
• Close your paper with an analysis of the risk-benefit of drug use for your selected disorder. Include a discussion of how the drug class(es) would be typically used, what expected benefits would be obtained from drug use, and what common drug side effects might occur.

Note

For Week 2, please research a minimum of three peer-reviewed or scholarly articles published within the last 5 to 10 years. These references are in addition to those used in the Week 1 written assignment and should focus on pharmacological (drug) treatment of your selected disorder. These sources should provide evidence-based information to help support your analysis, focusing on the aspects described above. Be sure to cite your sources in your paper and include them on your References page. You may utilize required or recommended course materials in your work, but these will not count towards the reference requirements; however, you may cite and reference the American Psychiatric Association’s (2013) DSM-5 as one of your sources used for the grading credit.
three to five double-spaced pages in length, excluding title page and references page, and it must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.

psychoactive drug use

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read the required chapters from the text and review the required articles for this week. Humans have engaged in psychoactive drug use, sometimes in formal (ceremonial) settings and sometimes recreationally, since before recorded history. It has only been in the last century or so that abuse and addiction have become large-scale problems.

Using the literature and your own insights into these issues, formulate an argument as to why the problem has reached its current scale.  In your discussion, evaluate the employment of psychoactive drugs from the aspects of a risk-benefits analysis and ethical considerations such as the risk of addiction versus the cost of punitive action. Also explain purely pharmacological issues such as pharmacokinetics and routes of drug administration and dose. If needed, include factors such as supply, cultural attitudes to drug use, and the context of drug use.

Leadership

Describe the characteristics of exceptional leaders. Be sure to cover diagnosing, adapting, and communicating; as well as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management.

Note

Prepare assignment following the APA style guideline 

Prepare your assignment using no less than 500 words  

Site at least two more resources to complete assignment