Mechanisms of Bacteria in Causing G.I. Disease/Disorders

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Please discuss the mechanisms that Streptococcus mutans, Helicobacter pylori, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus and Taenia solium utilize to cause disease in the digestive tract. In addition, please list and explain the host immune defenses that microbes would have to overcome to be successful at causing disease. As we have studied, some parasites can cause digestive tract infections and some have the ability to form cysts. Please explain how a cyst may play a role in the ability of the parasite to cause disease. In addition, please explain the difference between excystation and encystation. Also, please discuss the association between normal flora and digestive tract infections, and the role of the port of entry and exit for the microbes to establish successful infections. Include a discussion what roles personal hygiene, quorum sensing and sequential timing play in microbial digestive tract diseases. In addition, please state in your answer the roles of proper food preparation and sanitation play in the decrease of microbial digestive tract infections and the significance of a capsule on particular strains of E. coli that causes digestive tract infection vs. strains of E. coli that cause urinary tract infections.

Minimum of 5 pages for content and response please. We use Cowan’s- “microbiology: a systems approach” textbook for class. Please try to address host factors like PH, salt, oxygen toleration, etc. Thank you!

Types of Human Diseases

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For this assignment, you will be creating an epidemiology report on 5 types of human illnesses.

  1. Person-to-person bacterial diseases, Ch. 29
  2. Person-to-person viral diseases, Ch. 29
  3. Vector-borne diseases, Ch. 30
  4. Water-borne diseases, Ch. 31
  5. Food-borne diseases, Ch. 31

For each of the 5 categories listed above, include answers to the following questions in a 200- to 300-word report. Your entire report should be between 1,000 to 1,500 words. The report should be in APA format with citations and references as needed.

Provide an example of a pathogen in the category. Provide the genus and species of the pathogen along with the name of the illness the pathogen causes in humans. From an epidemiological perspective, why is this pathogen a human health threat?

Visit www.cdc.gov and find an example of an outbreak in your category. Your outbreak does not need to be one of the examples provided above.

  1. Scroll down to Outbreaks
  2. Click on All Outbreaks to find this information. (Consult Chapter 28 for additional epidemiological information).
  3. Briefly summarize the outbreak. Where did it occur? How many people were impacted?
  4. Do not copy and paste from the website. Include the website in your references and citations.
  5. What advice would you give to the public regarding these pathogens? What steps could be taken to prevent or reduce incidence?

microbial adventure

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When you are ready, respond to the topic below.

Please review the Discussion Board grading rubric in the course Syllabus. Discussion responses should be on topic, original, and contribute to the quality of the Discussion by making frequent informed references to lesson materials and Seminars. Initial Discussion responses should be around 100 words. Responses to your classmates or instructor should be around 50 words.

There is one topic to respond to this week. Respond to the topic and provide two or more responses to classmates that are thoughtful and advance the Discussion.

Choose your own microbial adventure

Imagine yourself to be a microbial pathogen, tell us the reason for your choice, and describe in detail the structures you would like to have in order to live in the habitat of your choosing and the factors needed to cause infection of a specific organ in humans.

Deadly Horizontal Gene Transfer

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Sarah might have been 85 years olds, but her mind was still sharp; it was her body that was failing. After she broke her hip by falling in the bathroom, she had succumbed to a series of complications that ultimately required admittance to a large university-associated hospital in New York City. Treatment necessitated a urinary catheter, a feeding tube, and intensive antibiotic therapy. While hospitalized, she acquired a life-threatening urinary tract infection with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium.

Enterococci are normal members of the microbiota of the colon, yet these Gram-positive bacteria have a propensity to acquire genes that convey resistance to antimicrobial drugs. As a result of such horizontal gene transfer, E. faecium has become an MDR bacterium, that is, a strain resistant to many different kinds of antimicrobials. Drug-resistant enterococci are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (nosocomial infections).

Physicians treated Sarah with a series of antimicrobial drugs, including metronidazole, penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin, but to no avail. After 90 days of hospitalization, she died.

  1. Define healthcare-associated infection.
  2. What is the likely source of infection?
  3. List three ways by which E. faecium might have acquired genes for drug resistance.
  4. How can hospital personnel prevent the spread of resistant E. faecium thoughout the hospital?

Bacteria

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The whole purpose of this paper is to learn about the bacteria(Gemella palaticanis). The title is Gemella palaticanis. The abstract should include what we did throughout the semester with the Bactria and what were the results (I took back from my left cheek and the organism that was found was Gemella palaticanis). Next is the introduction. In the introduction we basically talk about the bacteria (gemella palaticanis). What is it, where is it found and stuff like that. We can also talk about the genius (which is the family gemella) and the species( which is palaticanis) if we are not able to find any information on the organism. It is gram positive and it need 10 references. After the introduction is Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. In the discussion it can be opinionated and pretty open. We can make whatever statement we want but one question we have to answer is if we think that it is our organism or not ( I do not think it is). Below I’m going to attach an example of how it should be formatted and look kind of like.

Ebola, Anthrax, Necrotizing Faciitis

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Written report is simply a report of your portion of the oral presentation. Concentrate on the part of the presentation you prepared and delivered. I am looking for eveidence of solid literature research. Please use standard format including in-text citation of your material. Remember that in science writing, direct quotations are seldom used. We expect that you are reporting established facts, and not creatively making them up. So, put the source material in you own words, and then site the source.

These reports generally run about 4 pages and I think that 10 cited references is adequate.

Please submit your paper on-line.

So these PPTX I uploaded are from other students so I would not want you to write the paper based on their powerpoints but just an idea on what I am looking for. You can pick which ever disease you want and write a 7-8 page research paper and also I pasted professors directions above.

target for antimalarial drug development

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Attached below is the article, “Purine import into malaria parasites as a target for antimalarial drug development,” which needs to be summarized into a 2 to 3 page precisely written summary.

 

the different types of microscopes

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What are the different types of microscopes?

Describe each microscope and function.

Who invented?

Contrasting Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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I have uploaded the assignment that needs to be completed. If any questions please feel free to ask. The first column has been completed. I just do not have the time to complete. Thank you in advance.

 

sugar fermentation test

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The phenol/sugar fermentation test looked for the production of acid and/or gas. Give the expected results for the following bacteria and a brief reason why.

A facultative anaerobe that can respire and can ferment glucose to alcohol and CO2 with a final pH around 7