IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING WORD LIMIT REQUIREMENTS:

Please note that each and every assignment has its own word limit.

Cross-sectional studies a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data. Some strengths of a cross-sectional study are relatively quick and easy to conduct (no long periods of follow-up), data on all variables is only collected once,able to measure prevalence for all factors under investigation, multiple outcomes and exposures can be studied. (Hennekens & Buring 1987) )Some of the weakness of a cross sectional study are difficult to determine whether the outcome followed exposure in time or exposure resulted from the outcome, not suitable for studying rare diseases or diseases with a short duration, as cross-sectional studies measure prevalent rather than incident cases, the data will always reflect determinants of survival as well as ontology and unable to measure incidence.(Hennekens & Buring 1987) They are used as descriptive and analytic by measuring the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. The prevalence of an outcome depends on the incidence of the disease as well as the length of survival following the outcome. For example, even if the incidence of HIV (number of new cases) goes down in one particular community, the prevalence (total number of cases – old as well as new) may increase. (Setia 2016)

You are a family nurse practitioner employed in a busy primary care office. The providers in the group include one physician and three nurse practitioners. The back office staff includes eight medical assistants who assist with patient care as well as filing, answering calls from patients, processing laboratory results and taking prescription renewal requests from patients and pharmacies. Stephanie, a medical assistant, has worked in the practice for 10 years and is very proficient at her job. She knows almost every patient in the practice, and has an excellent rapport with all of the providers.

Mrs. Smith was seen today in the office for an annual physical. Her last appointment was a year ago for the same reason. During this visit, Mrs. Smith brought an empty bottle of amoxicillin with her and asked if she could have a refill. You noted the patient’s name on the label, and the date on the bottle was 1 week ago. You also noted your name printed on the label as the prescriber. The patient admitted that she called last week concerned about her cough and spoke to Stephanie. You do not recall having discussed this patient with Stephanie nor do the other providers in the practice.

Mid-range theory nursing for GENERATIVE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR THE ELDERLY.

Simply write a  small brief explanation for selecting this theory from a nurse who enjoys working with this population  (200-word limit).

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) has created challenges in nursing role identification in the highest level of nursing program. But when we look closer to their roles, we can appreciate the value that they can bring to the nursing profession. DNP program is a practice-focused or knowledge application nursing, where its concentrations is in innovations and evidence-based nursing, and application of research findings to the highest level of practice (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2006, as cited in Cygan & Reed, 2019, para 2). Wherein PhD is a researched-focused or knowledge generation nursing which concentrate on research methodology that will create a supporting research project through dissertation defense and related research papers (AACN, 2010, as cited in Cygan & Reed, 2019, para 2).

Though these are two advance graduate level nursing programs with different focus, when they collaborate and build partnership, they complement each other. A study discussed in Cowan et al., (2019), A model of successful DNP and PhD collaboration, the collaboration between DNP and PhD resulted in improvement of interprofessional staff communication, and uniform and improved patient care. The DNPs’ role had identified the problem, created plan on how to improve patient outcome through quality improvement (QI) projects and the PhD as a consultant provided the staff with comprehensive literature reviews and evidence appraisal before clinical pathway development. Understanding the role difference of each other can sustain the success of collaborative projects (Cowan et al., 2019).