Protection Motivation Theory

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Protection Motivation Theory_

Within the Protective Motivation Theory (PMT), threat and coping appraisals are important constructs. This theory is classified as an intrapersonal level theory and includes the constructs of threat severity, threat probability (vulnerability). Response efficacy, self-efficacy expectancy, and response costs. In this Discussion, you will examine PMT as it relates to skin cancer prevention. Specifically, you will explore how the constructs of PMT impact this health issue as well as how this theory might be used to create skin cancer prevention programs. Post your responses to the following questions :

skin cancer

Discuss how threatening the farmers perceive skin cancer to be (i.e., what are their views on the severity/seriousness of skin cancer, their own vulnerability to it, and the rewards associated with their behavior)? Now, use the farmers’ coping appraisal to explain their skin cancer protective behaviors. Based on the PMT constructs of threat and coping appraisal, analyze what suggestions the authors made regarding the focus of the interventions to reduce skin cancer. Assess what ways, if any, were your threat and/or coping appraisal responses the same as those of the farmers? Do you think the suggested intervention foci would be effective? Be sure to cite information using APA style. .

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery

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coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery

“Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after repeat coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Her family lived nearby when Mrs. Walsh had her first CABG surgery. They had moved out of town but returned to our institution, where the first surgery had been performed successfully. Mrs. Walsh remained critically ill and unstable for several weeks before her death. Her family was very anxious because of Mrs. Walsh’s unstable and deteriorating condition, and a family member was always with her 24 hours a day for the first few weeks.

The nurse became involved with this family while Mrs. Walsh was still in surgery, because family members were very anxious that the procedure was taking longer than it had the first time and made repeated calls to the critical care unit to ask about the patient. The nurse met with the family and offered to go into the operating room to talk with the cardiac surgeon to better inform the family of their mother’s status.

One of the helpful things the nurse did to assist this family was to establish a consistent group of nurses to work with Mrs. Walsh, so that family members could establish trust and feel more confident about the care their mother was receiving. This eventually enabled family members to leave the hospital for intervals to get some rest. The nurse related that this was a family whose members were affluent, educated, and well informed, and that they came in prepared with lists of questions.

A consistent group of nurses who were familiar with Mrs. Walsh’s particular situation helped both family members and nurses to be more satisfied and less anxious. The family developed a close relationship with the three nurses who consistently cared for Mrs. Walsh and shared with them details about Mrs. Walsh and her life.

The nurse related that there was a tradition in this particular critical care unit not to involve family members in care. She broke that tradition when she responded to the son’s and the daughter’s helpless feelings by teaching them some simple things that they could do for their mother. They learned to give some basic care, such as bathing her. The nurse acknowledged that involving family members in direct patient care with a critically ill patient is complex and requires knowledge and sensitivity.

technical skills

She ;

believes that a developmental process is involved when nurses learn to work with families.
noted that after a nurse has lots of experience and feels very comfortable with highly technical skills, it becomes okay for family members to be in the room when care is provided.  pointed out that direct observation by anxious family members can be disconcerting to those who are insecure with their skills when family members ask things like, “Why are you doing this? Nurse ‘So and So’ does it differently.”

She commented that nurses learn to be flexible and to reset priorities. They should be able to let some things wait that do not need to be done right away to give the family some time with the patient. One of the things that the nurse did to coordinate care was to meet with the family to see what times worked best for them; then she posted family time on the patient’s activity schedule outside her cubicle to communicate the plan to others involved in Mrs. Walsh’s care.

policy forbidding

When Mrs. Walsh died, the son and daughter wanted to participate in preparing her body. This had never been done in this unit, but after checking to see that there was no policy forbidding it, the nurse invited them to participate. They turned down the lights, closed the doors, and put music on; the nurse, the patient’s daughter, and the patient’s son all cried together while they prepared Mrs. Walsh to be taken to the morgue. The nurse took care of all intravenous lines and tubes while the children bathed her.

The nurse provided evidence of how finely tuned her skill of involvement was with this family when she explained that she felt uncomfortable at first because she thought that the son and daughter should be sharing this time alone with their mother. Then she realized that they really wanted her to be there with them. This situation taught her that families of critically ill patients need care as well. The nurse explained that this was a paradigm case that motivated her to move into a CNS role, with expansion of her sphere of influence from her patients during her shift to other shifts, other patients and their families, and other disciplines”

Critical thinking activities
1. Discuss the clinical narrative provided here using the unfolding case study format to promote situated learning of clinical reasoning (Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard, 2011).
2. Regarding the various aspects of the case as they unfold over time, consider questions that encourage thinking, increase understanding, and promote dialogue, such as: What are your concerns in this situation? What aspects stand out as salient? What would you say to the family at given points in time? How would you respond to your nursing colleagues who may question your inclusion of the family in care?
3. Using Benner’s approach, describe the five levels of competency and identify the characteristic intentions and meanings inherent at each level of practice.

Psychiatric Evaluation

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Comprehensive psychiatric evaluations are a way to reflect on your practicum experiences. And connect the experiences to the learning you gain from your weekly Learning Resources. Comprehensive notes, such as the ones required in this practicum course. Are often used in clinical settings to document patient care.

For this Assignment, you will document information about a patient that you examined during the last 5 weeks, using the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template provided. You will then use this note to develop and record a case presentation for this patient.

To Prepare

  • Select a patient that you examined during the last 5 weeks. Review prior resources on the disorder this patient has. Also review the Kaltura Media Uploader resource in the left-hand navigation of the classroom for help creating your self-recorded Kaltura video.
  • Conduct a Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation on this patient using the template provided in the Learning Resources. There is also a completed exemplar document in the Learning Resources so that you can see an example of the types of information a completed evaluation document should contain. All psychiatric evaluations must be signed, and each page must be initialed by your Preceptor. When you submit your document, you should include the complete Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation as a Word document, as well as a PDF/images of each page that is initialed and signed by your Preceptor. You must submit your document using SafeAssign. Please Note: Electronic signatures are not accepted. If both files are not received by the due date, Faculty will deduct points per the Walden Late Policies.

Psychiatric Evaluation

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Psychiatric Evaluation

how epidemiologic methods are used  to evaluate Healthy

Visit the Healthy People 2030 website, Topics and Objectives page (Links to an external site.)  (Links to an external site.) and explore some topics of interest to you. Discuss how epidemiologic methods are used to evaluate Healthy People 2020 objectives. Give an example. The example can be one you created or one from an actual study. Include the primary goal/purpose of the descriptive or analytical study, design type in the category chosen, uses of analytic or descriptive type, at least one advantage and disadvantage of the design type.

Pharmacological Management Project

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Pharmacological Management Project

Student Name

NSG6005

Faculty name

Pathophysiology of assigned disease

Assigned Disease: Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Pathophysiology: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis) is an uncommon cholestatic liver disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of biliary epithelial cells. PBC is female preponderant and typically presents in the fifth or sixth decade of life. The clinical presentation may include generalized pruritus, dryness of eyes and mouth, fatigue, and upper abdominal discomfort; patients may be asymptomatic. Typical laboratory findings are elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, increased serum immunoglobulin M levels, and the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies or specific subtypes of antinuclear antibodies. A diagnosis of PBC is usually made without histologic examination. When used, liver biopsy typically reveals nonsuppurative granulomatous cholangitis with loss of small bile ducts and lymphocytic portal inflammation. Patients who do not achieve an adequate biochemical response to first-line therapy have a greater risk of disease progression to cirrhosis and may ultimately require liver transplantation.

Definition of the two assigned drug Classifications

Classification 1: Bile Acid Analog

Bile acids aid in the digestion and solubilization of lipophilic nutrients and drugs in the small intestine, they signal endocrine molecules that regulate the glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism through complex and intertwined pathways that are largely mediated by activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and cell surface G protein-coupled receptor 1, TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1).

Classification 2: Immunomodulatory therapy

Immunomodulatory drugs modify the response of the immune system by increasing (immunostimulators) or decreasing (immunosuppressives) the production of serum antibodies. Immunostimulators are prescribed to enhance the immune response against infectious diseases, tumours, primary or secondary immunodeficiency, and alterations in antibody transfer, among others. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce the immune response against transplanted organs and to treat autoimmune diseases.

Discussion of 4 medications – 2 from each drug classification (you are to choose the drugs – they must belong to the drug class)

Classification 1: Bile Acid analog

Drug 1: Actigall (ursodiol)

13 – 15 mg/kg/day orally given in 2 – 4 divided doses

Give with food

Drug 2: Obeticholic acid

5 – 10 mg PO qD

Start 5mg PO qd x 3 months, then may increase to 10mg PO qd if needed

Classification 1: immunomodulatory therapy

Drug 1: prednisone

20 – 30 mg PO qd initially for one month, titrate downward according to IgG concentration

Drug 2: Mycophenolate mofetil

500 – 1000 mg PO qd BID

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, safety/monitoring & pregnancy/lactation of the 4 Medications you discussed earlier

Drug 1: actigall (ursodiol)

Metabolism: Liver, GI Tract, CYP450; half-life unknown

Excretion: feces primarily; urine

Mechanism of Action: decreases cholesterol synthesis, secretion, and absorption; alters bile cholesterol composition

Monitoring Parameters: liver function tests q months x 3months, then q6 months

Pregnancy: may use during pregnancy; no known risk of fetal harm based on human data

Lactation: may use while breastfeeding; no known risk of infant harm based on limited human data

Drug 1: obeticholic

Metabolism: live; no CYP450; enterohepatically recirculated; active metabolites

Excretion: feces 87%; urine <3%; half-life 24 hours

Mechanism of Action: agonizes farnesoid X receptor, decreasing intracellular hepatocyte concentrations of bile acids

Monitoring Parameters: liver function tests at baseline, then frequently, especially if there is an increase in risk of hepatic decompensation or before dose adjustment; lipid panel

Pregnancy: caution advised during pregnancy; inadequate human data available to assess risk

Lactation: caution advised while breastfeeding; no human data available to assess risk of infant harm or effects on milk production

use of telehealth

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use of telehealth

There are many legal implications associated with the expanding use of telehealth. And the potential impact of these obstacles on the safety, quality, and affordability of patient care.

Instructions:

Discuss the following in your own words: In what way can nursing be recognized as “ahead” of other healthcare provider groups. In terms of addressing many of the legal and licensure challenges posed by the adoption of telehealth?

(Hint: Think about programs or models already adopted by nursing more than a decade ago.)

Engaging Social Media With Political Advocacy

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For this week’s discussion, we will look to the Twitter feed. And locate a Tweet that describes a new health care initiative. Or an issue you are passionate about or that speaks to you

The tweet I choose to address is as follows:

it’s International #OverdoseAwarenessDay  (Links to an external site.)#Opioid (Links to an external site.) dependence is not a self-acquired bad habit but a complex #MentalHealth (Links to an external site.) condition.

Explore this initiative in detail and share your thoughts on the plan.

When I reviewed the activities scheduled in Ohio for the 2021 Overdose Awareness Day. There was a strong statement from Cuyahoga County where I reside- silence. Ohio has reported yearly increases in fatal opioid overdose mortality rates. As well as fatal fentanyl overdose rates, in the last seven consecutive years (Hall et al., 2020).  Although the hot spot for addiction remains in our areas of Appalachia, Cuyahoga County continues to struggle with addiction and unintentional overdoses.

Discuss your thoughts about the Tweet and whether you can support the initiative or not. Be sure to use evidence in support of your position.

As an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) with a psychiatric specialty, I treat individuals with dually diagnosed substance use disorders and mental illness. There are several underlying predispositions that are shared, such as childhood trauma, stressors of social determinants of health, changes to brain composition, and genetic vulnerabilities. As a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) leader, it will be imperative that I advocate for treatment and community programs that support recovery and sustained remission.  People who inject drugs are at increased risk of overdose, and more importantly, for fatal overdose.

When examined as a separate population, overdose is identified as the leading cause of mortality in the United States.  The use of naloxone, and the improved opportunity for immediate access, is the most effective and impactful intervention to reduce the death rate (Buresh et al., 2020).  I support the initiative, to bring awareness to prevention, treatment, and recovery. I am not 100% behind the tweet, because I feel it is a bit misleading that all people who have opioid dependence have a mental illness, and that is inaccurate.

Within the political climate of government today, does this initiative have any hope of moving forward? Share your position based on the evidence.

I believe the initiative does have the ability to move forward, due to the stress that addiction places on our health care systems, our economic stability, our overwhelmed criminal justice system, and our already burdened social/community services systems (Moffit, 2020).

Compose a Tweet (no more than 140 characters) that adequately addresses your response to the original post and share this Tweet in the discussion

Accidental overdoses can and do happen, if you have #opioid dependence or addiction get free #naloxone today! #OpioidCrisis #NALOXONEsaveslives

REFERENCE

Buresh, M., Gicquelais, R., Astemborski, J., Kirk, G., Mehta, S., & Genberg, B. (2020). Fatal overdose prevention and experience with naloxone: A cross-sectional study from a community-based cohort of people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0230127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230127 (Links to an external site.)

Hall, T., Hall, E., McGrath, R., & Haile, Z. (2020). Years of life lost due to opioid overdose in Ohio: Temporal and geographic patterns of excess mortality. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(2), 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000554 (Links to an external site.)

Moffit, S.(2020). Introduction: The politics of the opioid epidemic. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 45(2), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8004838

I NEED A COMMENT FOR THIS DISCUSSION BOARD WITH AT LEAST 2 PARAGRAPHS AND USE 3 SOURCES NO LATER THAN 5 YEARS.

Professionalism And Social Media

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Social media plays a significant role in the lives of nurses in both their professional and personal lives. Additionally, social media is now considered a mainstream part of the process for recruiting and hiring candidates. Inappropriate or unethical conduct on social media can create legal problems for nurses as well as the field of nursing.

Login to all social media sites in which you engage. Review your profile, pictures and posts. Based on the professional standards of nursing, identify items that would be considered unprofessional. And potentially detrimental to your career. And that negatively impact the reputation of the nursing field.

In 500-750 words, summarize the findings of your review. Include the following:

  1. Describe the posts or conversations in which you have engaged that might be considered inappropriate based on the professional standards of nursing.
  2. Discuss why nurses have a responsibility to uphold a standard of conduct consistent with the standards governing the profession of nursing at work and in their personal lives. Include discussion of how personal conduct can violate HIPAA. Or be considered unethical or unprofessional. Provide an example of each to support your answer.
  3. Based on the analysis of your social media. Discuss what areas of your social media activity reflect Christian values as they relate to respecting human value and dignity for all individuals. Describe areas of your social media activity that could be improved.

Ethical And Legal Nursing

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1) Minimum 10 pages

                Part 1: minimum 3 pages

                Part 2: minimum 3 pages

                Part 3: minimum 4 pages

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

            Bulleted responses are not accepted

            Dont write in the first person 

Dont copy and pase the questions.

Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

           Submit 1 document per part

3) It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign

4) Minimum 15 references not older than 5 years- Must be alphabetically organized

               Minimum 5 references per part  

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question.

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc 

____________________________________________________________

Ethical And Legal Nursing

NATURAL disaster preparedness

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NATURAL disaster preparedness

Search the Internet for a NATURAL disaster preparedness plan for any state, region, or health care system. In reviewing the plan, Select one feature of the plan that corresponds to one of the six determinants of health (listed below) and present a summary to the class. Please be sure to include your article or Emergency plan to the class as an attachment for review.Minimum word count:  350

  1. Biological
  2. Psychological
  3. Environmental
  4. Sociocultural
  5. Behavioral
  6. Health System