Homeland Security Discussion 2

1. What is the current status of airport and aviation security in terminals and in flight? Provide example(s) of any latest incident. Did the terminal have to shut down and were flights delayed?

2. Where would you think are the weak points of security in airports? Would they be at parking lots, terminals, and tarmacs?

Due: In an effort to facilitate scholarly discourse, create your initial post by Day 3. And reply to at least two of your classmates, on two separate days, by Day 7.

Gradebook Category: Discussions

Instructions

For this discussion, you will be applying defining attributes to an actual patient case. Please listen to the NPR podcast, If You Have Dementia, Can You Hasten Death As You Wished? (4:00 minutes). Additionally, review Wilkinson’s (1997) defining attributes in Developing a Concept Analysis of Autonomy in Nursing Practice.

Initial Post

Please respond to the following prompts:

Review Wilkinson’s (1997) defining attributes and describe how the NPR podcast, If You Have Dementia, Can You Hasten Death As You Wished? case story meets the definition of a borderline case.

Describe the ethical issues the case raises.

If it were changed to meet criteria for a model case. What ethical issues would come to the forefront?

Your initial post should contain two- to three-paragraphs with three- to four-sentences per paragraph. The post should integrate a minimum of three readings and/or other evidence-based research articles no more than three years old and use APA formatting for citations and references..

Reply Posts

Compare and contrast your ethical viewpoint, using a minimum of two scholarly sources using APA style, with two of your colleagues.

Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this activity will be graded. The described expectations meet the passing level of 80 percent.

Posting to the Discussion Forum

Discussion Question Rubric

Note: Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions. As this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric.

Note: The value of each of the criterion on this rubric represents a point range. (example: 17-0 points)

Discussion Question Rubric – 100 Points

Criteria Exemplary

Exceeds Expectations Advanced

Meets Expectations Intermediate

Needs Improvement Novice

Inadequate Total Points

Quality of Initial Post Provides clear examples supported by course content and references.

Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.

All instruction requirements noted.

40 points Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.

Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.

Cites two references.

35 points Components are accurate. And mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present. But missing depth and/or development.

Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.

Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

31 points Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

No references cited.

Missing several instruction requirements.

Submits post late.

27 points 40

Peer Response Post Offers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion. Using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides additional value to the conversation.

All instruction requirements noted.

40 points Evidence of further synthesis of course content. Provides clarification and new information or insight related to the content of the peer’s post.

Response is supported by course content and a minimum of one scholarly reference per each peer post.

All instruction requirements noted.

35 points Lacks clarification or new information. Scholarly reference supports the content in the peer post without adding new information or insight.

Missing reference from one peer post.

Partially followed instructions regarding number of reply posts.

Assignment:  What types of legal claims could Paula make against Capstone Corporation and Freddy?

Notes:

Introduction
In this assignment, you’ll need to decide whether Paula Plaintiff has any legal claims arising from another series of unfortunate events. After reading the scenario, answer the questions that follow, making sure to fully explain the basis of your decision.

Paula’s bad luck continues. Five days after the events detailed in your last assignment, Paula returns to work at Capstone Corporation. Unfortunately, she used her company e-mail to send her mom a personal note about her injuries, despite being aware that Capstone’s company policy prohibits use of company e-mail for personal communication. Paula’s supervisor, Mikey Manager, discovers Paula’s violation and Paula is reprimanded. When Paula goes home, she uses her personal computer to post disparaging comments about her boss and Capstone Corporation on social media. The next day, Paula is fired from her job.

After several days of bad luck, Paula believes her luck is about to change. She finds a new job in a nearby town. Paula had been using the bus to go to work at Capstone Corporation, but she will need to purchase a car to commute to her new job. Fortunately, her neighbor Freddy Ford has just purchased a new vehicle and is selling his old Mustang. Paula meets with Freddy and agrees to purchase the Mustang for $1000. The parties also agree that Paula will bring Freddy the money the next day when she picks up the car. The next day, Paula calls Freddy and says, “I have the money. I’d like to come pick up my car.” Freddy replies that Paula is too late. He sold the car earlier in the day.

InstructionsIn a 6–10 paragraph paper, answer the following questions:

Does Paula have any legal claims against Capstone Corporation? What about Paula’s actions? Does Paula have a contract with Freddy to purchase the car? Consider the following:
Does Paula have a right to privacy when using Capstone Corporation’s e-mail system? Discuss one’s right to privacy and relate it to the facts in the scenario.
Can Paula be legally fired from her job for making negative comments about her boss and her company on social media? What about free speech? Discuss these issues and relate them to the facts of the scenario.
Do Paula and Freddy have a contract for the sale of the Mustang? Discuss the elements of a contract and relate those elements to the facts of the scenario.

Instructions

Assignment 2: Case Study

You are a clerk for the Virginia Court of Appeals. You have been tasked with reviewing the cases of Able and Charlie. Both defendants have appealed their convictions, and your job is to review the motions for appeals and discuss the merits of the claims raised. You do not need to decide if the claims are correct, only if there is an actual issue raised that should be reviewed by the Court of Appeals. You will need to provide a review of each case and cite specific issues and evidence supporting any possible errors. The whole review should be submitted in a Microsoft Word document.

Case 1: Able

Able has been convicted of both reckless driving, under Code of Virginia § 46.2-862, and possession of controlled substances, under Code of Virginia § 18.2-250. For the purposes of this charge, methamphetamine is considered a Schedule II substance.

Able raises the following points of error in his motion for an appeal:

1. The search that uncovered the controlled substance violated the defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights as the officer had no warrant.
2. The methamphetamine was not identified solely by touch during a frisk (see Minnesota v. Dickerson, 1993).
3. The case was tried by a six-person jury though both charges were felonies.

Case 2: Charlie

Charlie was convicted of both public intoxication, under Code of Virginia § 18.2-388, and murder and manslaughter, under Code of Virginia § 18.2-30.

Charlie raises the following points of error in his motion for an appeal:

• The death sentence was imposed.
• Three jurors were not empaneled after they admitted they could not impose the death penalty on any defendant.
• The defendant’s statements to the police when the body was found should not have been allowed as evidence since the defendant had only been given a Miranda warning the previous day regarding the intoxication charge.
• The search of the defendant’s car violated his Fourth Amendment rights as there was no probable cause to search the trunk.
• The identification by lineup was tainted as the witness saw Charlie being brought into the jail prior to the lineup.
• The statements of Charlie’s cellmate were improperly allowed as evidence. The defense contends that these statements were hearsay and should have been excluded.

In both cases, be sure to focus on the validity of the issue raised and not the actual outcome on any of the issues. Be sure to discuss both sides of each issue. If the issues raised could possibly have changed the outcome of the trial, they should be reviewed by the appellate court.

Note: You can use the Internet to find information about the Virginia Legislative Information System and the specific codes. Support your responses with examples. Cite any sources in APA format.

1) Can you imagine a criminal justice system that sent people to jail or prison no matter the offense? Or everyone had to remain incarcerated until a trial date? Fortunately, we do not live under such a system. Community Corrections is an alternative to incarceration; it is used for pre and post-conviction. Its programs oversee offenders outside of jail or prison ( Stojkovic & Lovell,2019). Community corrections objectives are to offer an alternative to incarceration, lower jail and prison populations, incarceration costs, and supervise offenders once released from prison. The issues with alternative sentencing are highly complex because each program has its problems.

standard arrests and prosecution processes

For example,“ diversion programs are alternatives to standard arrests and prosecution processes”( Stojkovic & Lovell,2019, 7.2 section, para. 3). An accused offender that participates in the diversion programs can avoid a trial. However, “the accused gives up his due process guarantees that accompany formal prosecution”( Stojkovic & Lovell,2019, 7.2 section, para. 3). The accused could be innocent. It seems to make the accused guilty of a crime he may or may not have committed. Another issue with the diversion program it may undermine the focus for justice for the victims ( Stojkovic & Lovell, 2019). The accused may be guilty and may not be adequately punished with the option of the diversion program.

Probation is an excellent way for offenders to pay their debt to society without or less incarceration time.“ Some argue that probation depreciates the seriousness of an offense, especially when it is a felony that could result in lengthy incarceration”( Stojkovic & Lovell, 2019,8.3 section. para. 7 ). Probation can be an easy way out for offenders who committed a crime that deserves incarceration. It can be unfair to some offenders. A sentence disparity occurs when a person commits a similar crime but receives a different sentence( Stojkovic & Lovell,2019). Bias can influence whether an offender gets probation or incarceration.

Reintegration aims

After a person is released from prison, he returns to society. Reintegration aims to provide opportunities in the community for the formerly incarcerated to live as law-abiding citizens ( Stojkovic & Lovell, 2019). The ex-offender learns to adapt to the beliefs and community values of the community in which he resides. It can also be a form of rehabilitation for the ex-offender.“ Community-based education, counseling, and support services are available to ex-offenders ( Stojkovic & Lovell, 2019). The Restorative Justice program is a community corrections program that aims to assist reintegration. The Restorative Justice program aims to repair the harm a crime has done to the victim and the community( Stojkovic & Lovell, 2019, 7.1 section, para. 13). The program allows the offender to make amends with the victims and the community. This can start the healing process for the victims and the ex-offender becoming a law-abiding citizen.

2) Alternative sentences utilize “a suspended sentence, probation, fines, restitution, community service and deferred adjudication/pretrial diversion”(Alternative Sentences, 2019), as a different means of conviction rather than jail or prison time.  Alternative sentences can be utilized to decrease the population in prisons that may already be too high.  It also allows for a chance for first-time offenders to avoid jail time by being placed on probation or given community service.

the deferred adjudication process

However, a problem that could be conceived is individuals may take the alternative sentencing as a free pass and continue to commit crimes.  Additionally, some of the alternative sentences could result in the offender later being incarcerated for violating the conditions of his/her sentence.  Failure to abide by probation terms, failure to pay fines or restitution, failure to complete community service or failure to complete the deferred adjudication process.  If an offender does fail to do any of these, they wind up in jail or prison, thus wasting the state’s time and money.

When an offender is placed on probation, it is an alternative to incarceration or fines.  The incarceration sentence or fine is suspended and the offender avoids incarceration if the conditions are met while on probation.  If the offender fails to meet the conditions, the suspended sentences could be activated.  Due to the offender having to meet conditions of probation and understanding that failure to do so could mean incarceration, probation meets the goals of sentencing.  It helps to reduce future criminal activity from the offender.

Reintegration can take place inside of prison, but also outside when the offender is released.  It utilizes involving the offender with programs to assist them with problems or help them learn trades they can utilize as a citizen.  Parole and probation officers can assist an offender with connecting to professional help such as substance abuse help.  Additionally, program staff inside correctional facilities can do the same.