Preparation for Practice Assignment

Case Study Part 1: Smoking and vaping are identified as significant problems in a nearby community. Different county agencies and the school district members are meeting and working together to try to reduce the number of high school students who are smoking/vaping.

The next 3 questions refer to Case Study Part 1. Use your readings and the Intervention Wheel as resources.

1. This meeting is an example of what type of public health intervention? (1 point)

2. This is an example of what level of practice? (1 point)

3. The PHN brought information to the meeting about local and national laws/ordinances related to the sale and distribution of tobacco and vaping products. An action plan was developed to write a policy brief regarding accessibility ordinances to products for the under 21 age group. Sending this policy brief is an example of what level of practice? (1 point)

The interdisciplinary team

Case Study Part 2: The interdisciplinary team has decided to recommend a national age appropriate stop smoking/vaping education curriculum to be implemented in all high school and middle school and grade school health classes. The curriculum focuses on evidence based education regarding the health risks of tobacco use, nicotine addiction, and vaping. This is an example of primary prevention at the community level and is a start. The team knows that a successful plan requires interventions at all levels of prevention. They are looking for 2 interventions (in addition to health education) to use in their smoking/vaping cessation campaign at the high school. The next 3 questions are referring to Case Study Part 2.

4. Give an example of a secondary prevention intervention (for those who have tried but not regularly using tobacco/vaping) at the high school community level and explain how it addresses the issue? ( 2 points)

5. Give an example of a tertiary prevention intervention (for those with regular use/ addicted to nicotine) at the high school community level and explain how it addresses the issue. (2 points)

6. Who are possible members of the interdisciplinary team at the high school that could plan and/or carry out the interventions for Part 2? How might the school nurse work with these team members? (2 points)

multiple public health interventions

The final 3 questions are about the Latent TB/Omaha System Case Study you viewed on the content page. The PHN utilized multiple public health interventions at the individual/family level in this example. Answer the last 3 questions.

7. Describe how the PHN utilized Surveillance. (2 points)

8. Describe how the PHN may utilize Counseling and how that differs from Health Teaching. (2 points)

9. Describe how the PHN may utilize case management if missed appointments start occurring. (2 points)

Submit your answers to drobox by due date in the course schedule.

CN, 9/2019

Instructions: Response must be at least 350 words written in current APA format with at least two academic references cited. References must be within the last five years. Respond by extending, correcting/refuting, or adding additional nuance.

Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEIs) inhibitors are common antihypertensive agents which once administered act within the lungs to inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to form angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor within the human body. To decrease blood pressure, production of angiotensin II which is also an aldosterone release stimulator has to be prevented. This also results in the subsequent increase in serum potassium with a decrease in serum sodium and fluid loss. ARBs work to raise the effects caused by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which blocks a patient’s blood pressure (Victor et al., 2018). Calcium-channel blockers inhibit calcium ion movement across cell membranes within the arterial muscle. This causes alteration of the cells leading to blockage of cell contractions. Due to the alteration on the cells, cardiac impulse is relatively slowed as arterial dilation and relaxation is achieved.

Diuretics such as thiazide diuretics are first drug treatment used for high blood pressure. These drug work by widening blood vessels and increasing amount of urine produced which helps get rid of sodium and water released as urine (Schellack & Naicker, 2020). This reduces the fluid going through one’s arteries and veins thus reducing blood pressure. Sympathetic nervous system drugs are used to increase low blood pressure and avert cardiac arrest through blocking breakdown as well as enhancing reuptake of neurotransmitters with stimulation for the release of produced catecholamines. Through this processes, activation of the sympathetic nervous system which modifies its functionality facilitate management of hypertension in patients.

healthcare practitioners

Before patients are prescribed with antihypertensive drugs, healthcare practitioners should ensure patients understand the mechanism of action of the different classes of drugs as they alter the regulatory mechanism. This enhances their knowledge of the possible side effects brought about with their use. When carrying out teaching, patients need to be educated on the essence of adhering to prescribed medication. This is key in enabling them to effectively manage their blood pressure (Prihanti et al.,2020). The health hazards of taking higher doses due to failure to take prior medication should be enhanced. Taking higher doses could lead to very low blood pressure levels which increases the health risks and could result to complications or even death.

Instructions on drug use should be highly sensitized. Creation of effective communication channels and strategies should be sought to encourage patient-provider interactions. This facilitates easier management, monitoring and evaluation of patients even when they are receiving home-care. Through communication, patients can relay health improvement or deterioration and possible effects of drugs. This guides the healthcare provider to assess the patient condition and apply desirable effective interventions based on the progress.  The need to communicate with the healthcare provider before administering new medication should also be addressed. Constant consultation helps avoid drugs that could lead to contraindication and adverse reactions owing to drug-drug interactions (Prihanti et al., 2020). There is also the need for patients to report adverse side effects or reaction experienced with antihypertensive drugs. This facilitates early interventions protecting patients from extended complications and promote better management of hypertension among the patients.

The influence of leadership

The influence of leadership can be far-reaching in practice and improving patient outcomes even when not in a formal role. Describe advocacy strategies that you can use as a leader to create positive change in your current workplace. In response to peers, describe a time when you provided leadership and the outcome. Was there anything that you would do differently?

Using 200-300 words APA format with at least two references. Sources must be published within the last 5 years.