Positions for Black Americans in The White Majority Medical World

Reflection #1: Research Ethics, Nurse Rivers, and the Tuskegee Syphilis StudyReflection Prompt: Reflect on how your attitudes, beliefs, and values influence your thoughts and feelings about the research ethics associated with the role Nurse Rivers played in the Tuskegee Syphilis study.

Initial Post #1: Putting yourself in Nurse Rivers’ shoes in that time (1932) and place (Macon County, Alabama), what factors might convince you to continue with the study once you became aware that a treatment was available but the men would never receive this treatment? What role, if any, do you think being African-American played in Nurse Rivers’ decision to continue with the study? In the video, we learned that Nurse Rivers received numerous government, state, and local awards for her outstanding contributions to the nursing profession. Do you believe that continuing her role in the study and earning these awards are mutually exclusive? In other words, do you believe it is possible to violatethe trust of the men in the study and still earnthe awards?

Case Study 1 & 2 (10 Points)

Students must review the case study and answer all questions with a scholarly response using APA and include 2 scholarly references. Answer both case studies on the same document and upload 1 document to Moodle.

Case Study 1 & 2 topics change every semester. Topic TBD

The answers must be in your own words with reference to the journal or book where you found the evidence to your answer. Do not copy-paste or use past students’ work as all files submitted in this course are registered and saved in turn it in the program.

Answers must be scholarly and be 3-4 sentences in length with rationale and explanation. No Straight forward / Simple answer will be accepted.

Turn it in Score must be less than 25 % or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 25 %. Copy paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement.

All answers to case studies must have reference cited in the text for each answer and a minimum of 2 Scholarly References (Journals, books) (No websites) per case

StudyCase Study 1

Mr. JS presents today to your office for a follow up appointment after a BP reading at home of 166/95 last week. He is a 52 y/o male with a PMH of HTN and Angina secondary to CAD, which is well controlled, experiencing less than 1 attack per month.

On today examination, MR JS’s vital signs are as follows: Temperature: 96.8o

Heart Rate: 68 bpm Blood Pressure: 168/92 Respiration: 14

Ox Sat: 95% at room air Pain: denies pain.

Labs:

Last LDL on records (6 months ago): 189

Current Medications: Atorvastatin 40 mg/day

Metoprolol tartrate 10 mg/twice/day

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS:

1) According to the recently released American Heart Association guidelines on hypertension, what should be the BP goal for a patient with chronic stable angina and hypertension?

2) In addition to diet and lifestyle modifications, what is the medication of choice to control the BP of a patient with chronic stable angina? Provide rationale

3) Provide at least 3 (questions) you would ask your patient RELATED to the case presented and provide rationale.

4) Please explain whether you would request any laboratory or screening tests for this patient and why (if any)

5) How would you achieve the B/P goal recommended for this patient according to the guidelines provided above?

6) Provide References in APA

Cancer Case Studies

A 21-year-old male noted pain in his right testicle while studying hard for his midterm college examinations. On self-examination, he noted a “grape sized” mass in the right testicle. This finding was corroborated by his healthcare provider. This young man had a history of delayed descent of his right testicle until the age of 1 year old.

Studies

Routine laboratory studies

Ultrasound the testicle

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) CT scan of the abdomen

CT scan of the chest

Diagnostic Analysis

Results

Within normal limits (WNL)

Solid mass, right testicle associated with calcifications 550mIU/mL (normal: <5)

Enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes

Multiple pulmonary nodules

At semester break, this young man underwent right orchiectomy. Pathology was compatible with embryonal cell carcinoma. CT directed biopsy of the most prominent pulmonary nodule indicated embryonal cell carcinoma, compatible with metastatic testicular carcinoma. During a leave of absence from college, and after banking his sperm, this young man underwent aggressive chemotherapy. Repeat testing 12 weeks after chemotherapy showed complete resolution of the pulmonary nodules and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. What impact did an undescended testicle have on this young man’s risk for developing testicular cancer?

2. What might be the side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy?

3. What was the purpose of preserving his sperm before chemotherapy?

4. Is this young man’s age typical for the development of testicular carcinoma?