Leadership Signature Theme

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Discussion 2: Your Leadership Profile – Signature theme report taken and included

Do you believe you have the traits to be an effective leader? Perhaps you are already in a supervisory role, but as has been discussed previously. Appointment does not guarantee leadership skills.

How can you evaluate your own leadership skills and behaviors? You can start by analyzing your performance in specific areas of leadership. In this Discussion, you will complete Gallup’s StrengthsFinder assessment. This assessment will identify your personal strengths, which have been shown to improve motivation. Engagement, and academic self-conference. Through this assessment, you will discover your top five themes—which you can reflect upon. And use to leverage your talents for optimal success and examine how the results relate to your leadership traits.

To Prepare:

Complete the StrengthsFinder assessment instrument, per the instructions found in this Module’s Learning Resources.

Please Note:  This Assessment will take roughly 30 minutes to complete.

· Once you have completed your assessment, you will receive your “Top 5 Signature Themes of Talent” on your screen.

· Click the Download button below Signature Theme Report, and then print and save the report. We also encourage you to select the Apply tab to review action items.

( THIS IS DONE ALREADY AN INCLUDED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE REFLECTION)

· Reflect on the results of your Assessment. And consider how the results relate to your leadership one page paper and add 3 APA citations to the post

Cultural Self-Assessment

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Cultural Self-Assessment Assignment (200 points)

For this assignment you will perform a cultural assessment of yourself.  Your cultural self-assessment should include:

· Worldview

· Brief, Simple

· How do you see your place in the world?

· Ethnohistory

· What makes you a “culturally unique individual?”

· Family and Social History

· Follow ancestry back as far as you can, but be brief, this is not a family tree

· Giger and Davidhizar’s 6 Cultural Phenomena:

· Communication

· Space

· Social Organization

· Time

· Environmental Control

· Biological Variations.

· Professional and Generic Care Beliefs and Practices

· What does it mean to be in good health?

· Do you use home remedies, folk medicine?

· Any foods that are taboo?

· Generic and Specific Nursing Care Factors

· How would you like to be treated by nurses?

· What does it mean to you to be “in good health”?

· What would be stressful to you about hospitalization, how could this be improved?

· What is good nursing care?

 

Cultural assessment should be typed, double-spaced and 12 font.  This assignment is in narrative form.  Please organize each section using the headings provided above.  Total length should be a minimum of 3 pages, not including the title page or reference page.

 

Grading Rubric

Body organization-0-100 points

Body fluency-0-50 points

Body mechanics-0-30 points

Appearance-0-20 points

Environmental Safety

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Environmental Safety

Review environmental safety information about your local community.

Discuss the components of environmental health and the nurse’s involvement in assessing and addressing environmental issues.

Discuss the tools that community/public health nurses can use in completing an assessment of environmental hazards.

Research Proposal Letter

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This research proposal letter will be directed to an audience who can create change. (Congressperson, business administrators, or other similar audience.) In the proposal, you need to suggest a change or a solution to a current problem. As you have already chosen a topic for your research proposal letter in Topic 6. And conducted an interview that will become one of your sources for this letter. You do not need to choose a topic.

You must use the same topic that you began researching in Topic 6. And you must use your interview as a source. Your research proposal should be presented in a letter format including the following information: • Your mailing address (Note: For privacy reasons, you may opt to not disclose your mailing address when you submit your letter to our graders for review; however, should you choose to mail your letter to your chosen recipient, you will need to include your mailing address, as this is a customary business letter practice.)

refute the counterarguments

Note that a formal letter does not require your name in the header. Your name will go at the end, with your closing. • The date you wrote the letter • A name and mailing address for the individual to whom you are writing the letter • A greeting or salutation • A closing and your typed name (Note: A written signature is optional for your submission, but should you choose to send your letter, you would need to include your written signature between the closing and your typed name.) Scroll to the end of these instructions for an idea of how you should format this assignment. To organize this information, follow the format included in the course site in the “Assignments” area. For your proposal, follow this organizational framework:

For your researched proposal, follow this organizational framework: • Introduction: The Problem Identify the problem, including researched information to explain it fully. You may devote more than one paragraph to describe the problem if needed. To determine  the extent of the information you must provide about the problem, consider the letter recipient’s understanding of the problem. • Body: Your Proposal Explain the specifics of your proposal. What are your solutions to solve this problem, step by step? What is the cost? How is this cost incurred? What ideas do you have for funding your proposal? Justify your proposal. How will your proposal solve the problem?

refute the counterarguments

Why is this proposal feasible? Concede or refute the counterarguments: Will the letter recipient have certain preconceived ideas about the subject? How can you address these counterarguments without diminishing your argument? Note: You will lose points from the rubric if you do not address the counterargument. • Conclusion: Your Argument Take into consideration your chosen audience and his/her interests. Use persuasive techniques to align your proposal to the audience’s ideals. You may use more than one concluding paragraph if needed. See the end of this document for more specific information about formatting your letter appropriately.

You are required to use source information, including ideas you learned from the interview process wherever it will prove your point. In addition to the interview itself, you should have at least two other credible sources, for a total of at least three sources. Note: If you do not meet the source minimum, the rubric will automatically be scored down. Since this is a letter, you will use signal phrases (i.e., “As Fugle describes…”) and omit parenthetical citations (“Fugle”). You must include a Works Cited page for this assignment. Good, informative signal phrases will be important in order to make sure your sources are credited (example: “Fugle, a well-known environmental researcher, explains the problem by…”). As with all college writing, you must include a strong thesis statement and take care to avoid logical fallacies while following the other standards for academic writing

Conservation Model

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Yolanda is a 55-year-old married African American mother of two adult children who has a history of breast cancer. She was diagnosed with fibromyalgia 2 years ago. After years of unexplained muscle aches and what she thought was arthritis. The diagnosis was a relief for her; she was able to read about it and learn how to care for herself. Over the past 2 months, Yolanda stopped taking all of her medicine. Because she was seeing a new primary care provider and wanted to start her care at “ground zero.” In addition to her family responsibilities, she is completing her degree as an English major. At the time of her clinic appointment, she told the nurse practitioner that she was having the worst pain possible.

Levine’s conservation model

Using Levine’s conservation model. The nurse practitioner completes a comprehensive assessment in preparation for developing a plan of care. A thorough assessment of characteristics of the internal and external environments is performed. With assessment of the adequacy of the adaptive fit that Yolanda has achieved in response to the changing environmental conditions produced by this health challenge. Nursing care is planned using the conservation principles. Yolanda’s diagnosis of fibromyalgia was based on the cluster of presenting symptoms (pain, fatigue, and sleeplessness) and the exclusion of other illnesses.

The assessment of the internal environment (physiological and pathophysiological processes) was performed by a thorough physical examination and various laboratory and diagnostic tests. Yolanda’s tests results were within normal limits.

The external environment includes perceptual, operational, and conceptual factors. Perceptual factors are perceived through sensory input. Yolanda reported a history of unexplained fatigue and sensations of pain for years. She recently stopped her medications “to clean my body out.” However, she reported that the pain became unbearable and was making it difficult for her to sleep. She noted that when she sleeps at least 6 hours a night, her pain is less intense. With the current insomnia, her pain is very intense.

Operational factors are threats within the environment that the patient cannot perceive through the senses. Yolanda reported severe pain in response to both the cold weather and changes in barometric pressure.

The conceptual environment

The conceptual environment includes cultural and personal values about health care, the meaning of health and illness, knowledge about health care, education, language use, and spiritual beliefs. In response to breast cancer, Yolanda developed her spirituality through prayer and reading the Bible. She believes this is how she is getting through the painful moments of her current illness.

Conservation of energy focuses on the balance of energy input and output to prevent excessive fatigue. Yolanda complains of a fatigue that just “comes over me.” She has difficulty doing housework. A day of work usually means 1 day in bed because of extreme fatigue. Her hemoglobin level and hematocrit are normal. Her oxygen saturation is also within normal limits. These normal physiological assessments are typical in patients with fibromyalgia.

Conservation of structural integrity involves maintaining the structure of the body to promote normal functioning. Fibromyalgia treatment focuses on reducing symptoms. Yolanda’s symptoms could not be traced to any physical or structural alteration, yet she reports severe pain and fatigue. It is important to acknowledge the reality of the symptoms. And work with the patient to determine whether activities of daily living result in changes in the pattern of illness. In addition, Yolanda thinks she is going through menopause (a normal physiological change in body structure). And she is having trouble determining whether her symptoms are menopause or fibromyalgia.

With continued questioning. Yolanda revealed that she was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome several years earlier. This condition presents further risks to structural integrity. She is not worried about constipation but is concerned about sudden diarrhea. She is afraid to go to school, fearing embarrassment because she might have an “accident.” Interventions to conserve structural integrity include interventions to promote normal bowel function. And optimize Yolanda’s nutritional status.

sense of personal worth and self-esteem

Personal integrity involves the maintenance of one’s sense of personal worth and self-esteem. Yolanda reported that she “lost control” when she was diagnosed with breast cancer. A dear friend convinced her to go to church and encouraged her to use prayer. When feeling sorry for herself. She would go into her bedroom and read her Bible, cry by herself, and pray. She believes that prayer and Bible reading helped her heal.

continues to pray and read her Bible to gain the strength she needs to live with her illness. And also believes that she needs to be able to laugh at aspects of her situation; humor helps her feel better. She actively seeks health information, as indicated by her quest to learn about her diagnosis of fibromyalgia. She is most upset about not being able to walk as she used to walk. One of her favorite pastimes was shopping for shoes at the mall. Which now is difficult for her.

Leading Health Promotion for Populations

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Flora Diamreyan

Leading Health Promotion for Populations

The Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP) priority is health promotion by providing education and awareness on those health behaviors to enhance longevity. Population health focuses on promoting health outcomes. The DNP role is crucial in promoting health activities by preventing diseases and disability on the local, regional, national, and global scale. Through assessment, implementation, the DNP evaluates outcomes of population health and intervention to promote the improvement of the health of those he or she serves. The discussion will focus on the future role of the DNP in leading and promoting the population (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

Identification of One Evidence-Based Strategy for Leading Efforts to Attain Optimal Health for Populations, on a Local, National, or Global Scale.

Attaining optimal population health is the goal and top priority of the healthcare system and the Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP). One evidence-based strategy of leading efforts to attain optimal health for populations on a local, national, and global scale is through prevention. Preventing disease is obtained through health education and immunizations (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019). Studies show a population-based approach to health promotion that addresses social and structural factors, focusing on the communities, cities, state, national and global enhance the population health. Addressing social and structural factors affecting population health is an integrated approach that aims for health promotion (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

Health education involves providing awareness to disease conditions, health behaviors, and healthy lifestyles to promotes health. Providing education at the local, national, and global scales enables the population to be aware of vital steps to enhance their health. Providing immunization and vaccination is primary prevention to improve population health by preventing or reducing the spread of diseases. Education is crucial across the healthcare system. Health education provides an awareness of risk factors and healthcare information to promote optimal health to the vulnerable population such as the minority, children, pregnant women, low income, and the poor. Providing immunization reduces the risk of disease to improve health outcomes. The DNP collaborates with stakeholders and advocates in meeting the challenges of improving population health at the local, national, and global scale (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

The DNP promotes population health in the communities he or she serves to prevent diseases and improve population health through health promotion. The DNP analyzes epidemiological, statistical data in the environment as relating to population health. The DNP uses the information, including the consideration of cultural diversity, to design services for prevention and implementation of measurement intervention. The DNP evaluates the interventions in addressing health promotion and prevention of disease effort to improve health and promote access to healthcare services and resources. The DNP uses healthcare information to evaluate gaps in access to healthcare to enhance population health outcomes. The DNP assessed strategies used in healthcare delivery in preventing diseases as relating to the community, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions of health (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

Description of One Evidence-Based Strategy for Leading Population Healthcare Reform Efforts Within and Across Healthcare Systems.

Improving population health outcomes involves action. The DNP is shaping the future of healthcare (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019). One evidence-based strategy for leading population health across healthcare systems is increasing healthcare practices supported by research. The evidence-based strategy involves using data and information systems in making healthcare decisions based on peer review and evidence in planning healthcare interventions, evaluation, and outcome measurement. Evidence-based practice (EBP) has demonstrated effectiveness and potential to improve health outcomes if adopted widely (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

The DNP must lead and advocate for patients’ health. The DNP must collaborate with leaders, stakeholders, and policymakers to promote EBP implementation. Factors that support the implementation and sustainability of EBP are healthcare organizations, groups, and leaders. The DNP has a crucial role to play across healthcare systems in developing a strategic environment for EBP implementation across healthcare organizations and the context of healthcare systems. Aligning stakeholders and leaderships to supports EBP implementation and sustainability enhance population health. Building a population health strategy includes focusing on how healthcare organizations effectively collaborate, communicate, and promote population health. An evidence-based approach for leading population healthcare reform across healthcare systems has direct and indirect benefits. There is access to numerous information on best practices, prevention programs, policies, and work productivity for safe, effective, and efficient healthcare (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

The DNP uses effective communication and collaborative skills to design and implement EBP, peer review, practice guidelines, health policy, and standard of care to enhance practices to promote population health. And leads the interprofessional teams in assessing practice and organizational problems preventing implementation and sustainability of EBP. And uses leadership skills in collaboration with interprofessional groups to create change across and within healthcare and the healthcare delivery system for population health outcomes (Assefa et al., 2019; Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

The DNP is in the position to advocate for patients and their health to improve health outcomes. The ability of the DNP to bring her perspective in improving population health is crucial to enhancing population health across healthcare settings. Healthcare complexity with increasing practices, policies, and information systems has prompted the role of the DNP scholar as a health advocate for all populations across settings (Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2019).

Description of A Program Designed to Improve the Health of Populations. How To Advance the Outcomes of this Program.

One Program Design to Improve Population Health

Improving population health is crucial to promoting the health of the population. One program designed to improve the health of the population is behavioral health programs. The DNP developed behavioral health programs to target population health on the community, state, national, and global scale. The approach involves prevention of mental disorders, specifically major depressive disorders, early identification through screening, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment through the combination of medication management and cognitive behavior therapy to reduce disability, morbidity, and mortality rate due to suicide (Gutierrez-Galve et al., 2019; Yamamoto, 2018).

The incidence of depression increases after puberty and is twice as high in girls and women. Family history and exposure to psychosocial stress are contributory factors. Study shows depression is due to genetics, stressors, emotional problems, complicated situations, and circumstances experienced by the individual. Depression rates increase with age from 5.7 percent in youth aged 12 to 17 years to 7.4 percent among adults aged 18 to 39 years in the United States population. Early detection and treatment of depression have helped saved population health. Population-based healthcare focused on the system established to improve the population’s health outcomes and the fair distribution of the results within the population (Gutierrez-Galve et al., 2019; Yamamoto, 2018).

Advancing the Outcomes of The Program

One will advance in the outcome of a behavioral health program. The study shows an integrated approach to screening for behavioral health, specifically the risk of depression; combined with timely access with community resources, brief intervention, and services targeting high-risk populations for depression, enhance mental health promotion. There has been increasing concern of depression for the health of the people. Adequate screening, diagnosis, intervention, and proper treatment are crucial in promoting mental health (Price et al., 2017).

One currently practices in mental health outpatient rendering services for health promotion, prevention, screening, diagnosing, and providing intervention to reduce disability. Integrated screening and early intervention enhance early diagnosis and treatment to reduce disability, morbidity, and mortality rate. In my practice, one uses combination treatment of medication management and cognitive-behavioral therapy in all patients referred for depression after thorough evaluation and identification. The practice problem with treating depression is non-adherence. Careful education promotes treatment adherence. It is crucial to carry out behavioral health screening at the first point of contact of patients in community systems. Study shows screening for behavioral health risk in the community is beneficial. The early assessment facilitates prompt delivery of mental healthcare. Implementing EBP serves in addressing population health and reduce the gap in access to treatment (Assefa et al., 2019; Price et al., 2017).

improving the heart’s pumping action

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The goal of the treatment is to enhance cardiac output by improving the heart’s pumping action and reducing the heart’s workload. Aldosterone antagonist: Spironolactone 25 milligrams once: Affects the production of aldosterone hormone in the kidney, increasing the water retention in the kidney. Consequently, it reduces the pitting leg edema and the water retained around the cardiac muscle due to congestive heart failure (Zaragoza, Zaidi, Dendukuri, & Marelli, 2019). Other recommendations include sleeping in a fowler’s position to maintain orthopnea. The patient should also treat the underlying conditions which include MI and CHF which can clear the respiratory system and allow for easy breathing (Jneid, Bozkurt, & Fonarow, 2018).

angiotensin-converting enzyme

Given the lower-leg swelling, which is due to pitting edema (Osteoarthritis), it is essential to reduce the workload for the heart. The patient should use an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), most preferably Captopril, 50 mg per dosage, three doses a day. Given the patient’s 160/92 blood pressure reading, the patient requires treatment for hypertension (Zaragoza, Zaidi, Dendukuri, & Marelli, 2019). Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, dilates the blood vessels and reduces the load for the heart. It also reduces blood pressure. The patient should take 20 mg twice a day. It is essential in the treatment of hypertension. It should be taken alongside Sacubitril, which is an Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors. She should take 20 mg twice.

The patient also needs medication for her MI condition. Other than resolving the pitting edema, the ACE recommended (three doses of Captopril, 50 mg per dosage) also works in maintaining the genetically inherited myocardial infarction by reducing their mortality (Jneid, Bozkurt, & Fonarow, 2018). The effect in reducing the mortality of myocardial infarctions is seen in the first 30 days, therefore requires the patient to have sufficient dosage to last over a month. In addition to ACE recommended for MI, the patient should also take Glyceryl trinitrate, which leaves the coronary arteries open, thus reducing the heart’s workload. The patient should take 500 micrograms a day (Jneid, Bozkurt, & Fonarow, 2018). The patient should also stop drinking wine or any alcoholic beverage. Self-care, including exercise and reduction of carbohydrates and fats, are recommendations for the patient’s obesity concern.

References

Jneid, H., Bozkurt, B., & Fonarow, G. C. (2018). The 2017 AHA/ACC performance and quality measures for patients with acute myocardial infarction. JAMA cardiology, 3(7), 659-660.

Zaragoza-Macias, E., Zaidi, A. N., Dendukuri, N., & Marelli, A. (2019). Medical therapy for systemic right ventricles: a systematic review (part 1) for the 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(12), 1564-1578.

Physiological Integrity.

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Physiological Integrity.

As important and final part of your Formation you are going to Present a
Thesis related with a relevant topic for Nclex Test. It’s going to be
presented by you in front of the Professors Staff and students as well.

The following are the general Instructions and the Topic related to this
activity.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Your Leadership presentation : Focus in Nclex.

-Power point 50 slides.

Slide 1:

-Presentation Thesis Title, -Student name,

-School name, Professor name.

-Slide 2 (Table of Contents)

-Slide 3 (Objectives)

-Slides 4 to 50: Class, explanation, information about strategies,
Pictures with explanation.

-References.

-Finally; Test with 20 questions with answers and Rationale focus in
Nclex.

-References (APA Style).

-No PDF.

TOPIC

Student: name

Title : Physiological Integrity.

Table of Contents:

-Basic care and Confort.

– Assistive Devices.

-Elimination.

-Mobility/ Immobility.

-Non-Pharmacological Comfort Interventions.

-Nutrition and Oral Hydration.

-Personal Hygiene.

-Rest and Sleep.

implementation phase

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Phase 3-Implementation (Due by WEEK 9)

Phase 3 of the research project is the implementation phase. The implementation phase will be written state as we will not be implementing the actual project. This phase focuses on providing steps by steps instructions on how the program will be implemented, a table describing the time frame of the project, if any budget needs to be considering, and any resources or statistically tools required. The length of this paper should be around 5-6 pages.

Phase 3 of the research project is the implementation phase.

*** If you have not documented IRB approval for your paper, it should be done in this phase. (The IRB process is simulated for this project).

The implementation phase will be written state as we will not be implementing the actual project.

This phase focuses on providing steps by steps instructions on how the program will be implemented, a table describing the time frame of the project, if any budget needs to be considering, and any resources or statistically tools required.

 

***When writing this area, the paper should be written in the same manner as a recipe for a cake, this means write your paper so that the next person following you can duplicate your research word for word.

The length of this paper should be around 5-6 pages.

Please follow APA guidelines and ensure that all documents are produced in Microsoft Word. I cannot accept any other document format.

Pay close attention to your similarity index of 10%.

Please note the grading rubric that is attached to this document.

 

 

Outstanding 10 points

 Very Good 8 points Good 6 Points Unacceptable 4 points
Integration of Knowledge

12.5%

 The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course.

Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights.

The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas

 The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course.

Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper

 The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course.
Topic Focus

12.5%

 The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment.

A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis

 The topic is focused but lacks direction.

The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position.

 The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment. The topic is not clearly defined

staffing and healthcare-associated infections

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My clinical interest topic is looking at Healthcare-Acquired Infections (HAIs) in regard to nurse staffing.  HCAIs are infections that patients receive while receiving care in a healthcare facility (Thandar et al., 2021). All settings of healthcare, for example, long-term care facilities, ambulatory clinics, surgical centers, and hospitals, can report HAIs. All hospitalized patients can contract HIAs; however, there are vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and people whose immune system has been weakened. Other factors characterizing HAIs are overuse of antibiotics, failure of healthcare workers to wash their hands, the use of indwelling catheters, and long hospital stays (Thandar et al., 2021).

staffing and healthcare-associated infections

In the United States, at least 1.7 million HAIs are reported each year, with corresponding 99,000 associated deaths. Of the 1.7 million HAIs, 32 percent are urinary tract infections, 22 percent are surgical site infections, 15 percent are pneumonia, and 14 percent are bloodstream infections (Thandar et al., 2021). HIA are also financially stressing. Thandar et al. (2021) report that the general direct cost of HAIs to hospitals in the United States is approximately $35 billion. Lastly, emotional consequences can also impact healthcare providers, patients, and families.

In research, PICOT questions are important because they add structure to what is being researched. This saves time and effort as more relevant research is retrieved. Healthcare providers are making great strides towards reducing, and in some cases eliminating, HAIs (Cawthorne & Cooke, 2021). The PICOT question for my focus is: For patients that have acquired HAIs, can proper hand hygiene by healthcare staff, compared to adequate nurse staffing, reduce the infection rates withing 12 months? In this PICOT Question, the population is patients that have acquired HIAs, the intervention is proper hand hygiene, the comparison is adequate nurse stuffing, the outcome is the reduction of HAIs rates, and time- 12 months. This question is an intervention question as it specific and relevant to the specified issue comparing two interventions to see which is most effective.

staffing and healthcare-associated infections

The first database that I used was CINAHL Plus with Full Text.  I searched for “staffing and healthcare-associated infections.” This only yielded me with 12 articles.  From the resources, I learned that Boolean operators consists of “AND”, “OR”, or “NOT” and can assist with searches by searching combinations of words or phrases.  I then added the Boolean operator “OR” and put in “HAIs” and 309 articles came up. I placed limits by clicking on “peer-reviewed” and my search was reduced to 232 articles.

Then I set limits on the dates and requested research only from 2015-2020.  This took my articles to 118.  The second database I used was MEDLINE with Full Text.  This time I searched one key phrase at a time.  Searching for “healthcare-associated infections” gave me 5,764 articles. Once I added “AND staffing”, 44 articles appeared.  Then I added “OR HAIs” and was given 143 articles.  I set the same limits with dates and “peer-reviewed” as the previous database.

Using Boolean operators, adding limits, and searching multiple databases are a few ways to add rigor and effectiveness to researching PICO(T) questions.  Dias et al. (2021) discuss the spirit of inquiry having an ongoing curiosity about why things are done the way they are.  They state that interventions should pique curiosity about evidence supporting their use.  Evidence-based practice leads to the highest quality of care, better patient outcomes, and lower costs (Dias et al., 2021).