The Differences And Similarities Between Two Of The Three Types Of Qualitative Studies

The Differences And Similarities Between Two Of The Three Types Of Qualitative Studies

2 DQ 2

Ethnography is a research that involves observation, where interaction with willing participants interact in real life with real-life experiences. Researchers are involved in the lives of the participants and live and learn their culture and situation. The researcher collects data through observation and interviews of willing participants to examine cultural behaviors, (Green, S. Z., & Johnson, J. L., 2018). An example of an ethnography research can be of a researcher observing and examining gangs in Kansas City or the homeless. These groups can be observed and interviewed to understand their way of living.

Phenomenology involves the understanding of a person’s lived experiences. Data is collected through interviews and conversations of the willing participants. All information from interviews and observations can be recorded in journals and dated to keep organized, (Green, S. Z., & Johnson, J. L., 2018).

The similarities between ethnography and phenomenology research are that they can be of observation or interviews. The differences are that the ethnography consists of a group or a community, involves the culture and beliefs and the research may take longer than that of phenomenology. The phenomenology research consists of a significant phenomenon in life of a person. The study consists of the individual’s life experiences and research is usually a lot shorter than that of ethnography, (Mol, A. M., Silva, R. S., Rocha, Á. A., & Ishitani, L., 2017).

In 200-300 words APA format with references to support this discussion

The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each.

Qualitative Data

4 postsRe: Topic 2 DQ 1

Qualitative research produces a variety of data, from a variety of sources. Data sources may be personal interviews (written or recorded), surveys, questionnaires, official documents or observation notes. To complicate matters, more often than not, there are numerous respondents or participants and multiple researchers. To extricate and code data from multiple data sources can be difficult, but made much easier if the data is organized appropriately. (Katherine B.2017)

The vast majority of qualitative data is “Unstructured Data,” which includes documents, photographs, audio, and video.

The simplest things we can do to improve the usability of unstructured data for analysis are:

  • Convert it to a structured schema that can be evaluated with quantitative methods.
  • Make it simple to find.

On the first point, we can feed documents to full-text search engines such as Lucene, which make data retrieval simple. We can also design full text search engines to execute faceted searches, allowing us to attach Metadata facets (e.g., Author, Media Type, Creation Date, etc.) to enhance our quantitative research. The same search engine was used. (Bensal P and others…. 2010)

On the second point, there are a variety of methods for converting qualitative Unstructured Data into Structured Data (which may be quantitatively examined). But it all relies on what you want to do with the Structured Data and how you get it. You can, for example, create n-grams (continuous sequences of words) and then analyze those n-grams to identify what the most common terms are within a subset of texts.

You might wish to have someone manually transcribe all consumer references of a product when evaluating footage. There are already Machine Learning algorithms that can transcribe and recognize speech.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning programs that can extract usable and reliable quantitative data from qualitative data will be extremely important in the future of analytics. However, manual methods such as employing Amazon Mechanical Turk, or a combination of both, are equally viable options for extracting Quantitative Structured Data from Qualitative Unstructured Data.

Using 200-300 APA FORMAT with references to support this discussion,

 Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. Discuss two strategies that would help a researcher manage and organize the data.

Supporting the Healthcare Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic

200-250 words APA 6 format, in-text citation, Please provide a copy of all references used.

The links to the three mentioned articles are provided below.

Assignment Details:

Pandemics pose many ethical dilemmas because the rights of the individual and the well-being of the population (public health) may be in conflict. For example, resources may become scarce, and rationing leads to ethical dilemmas and decisions on who has access to healthcare services. Requirements to wear masks, social distance, self-isolation and quarantine, and vaccination often lead to conflicts of personal rights and public health mandates, as well as personal and professional ethics. COVID-19 is the most recent pandemic, but the same ethical dilemmas were faced over the past 20 years with the pandemics of SARS, Ebola, Zika, and influenza.

Watch this video about stopping the spread of COVID-19.

Read the following articles:

Then, read the following case study.

Epidemics and pandemics pose ethical dilemmas to the community and to healthcare workers and healthcare institutions. Whether it is influenza, COVID-19, or other infectious disease outbreak, healthcare workers have professional and personal obligations to care for patients and are considered “essential personnel.” They have a duty to care for their patients but also responsibilities to care for themselves and their families. The healthcare organization also has a duty to care for its employees.

Consider Janet who is a 30-year-old medical assistant working in an urgent care center that is seeing many patients with respiratory illnesses and many are coming in for testing. The center has experienced shortages in its supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE) and are short staffed at times.

Janet’s husband is concerned that she will develop the disease and bring it home to him, their children, and his mother who lives with them. He does not want her to go to work, but Janet does not want to abandon the patients or contribute to the stress of an already overworked healthcare team.

Based on the scenario, answer the following questions:

  • Janet must come to a decision and resolve her ethical dilemma. What is she likely to consider in making her decision?, personal values and morals and professional ethics contribute to the dilemma?
  • What other ethical dilemmas do healthcare professionals and public health officials face in dealing with pandemics such as influenza and COVID-19?

References and links to articles 

Adams, J. G., & Walls, R. M. (2020). Supporting the health care workforce during the COVID-19 global epidemic. Journal of the American Medical Association323(15), 1439–1440. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763136

Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Medical Association323(21), 2133–2134. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764380

The Hastings Center. (2020, November 18). Stop the spread [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S46Fp-NxwnY&feature=emb_logo

cultural and political changes

  1. What cultural and political changes introduced during the Ashikaga period had a long-lasting effect on Japanese history and civilization?
  2. By what measures did Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu manage to unify the realm, and what were the limits to their achievement of unification?
  3. In what ways, and to what extent (if at all) did the role and the ambitions of the samurai change from the time just prior to the establishment of Tokugawa rule, through the early decades of the Tokugawa era in the 17th century.  How, if at all, did the samurai role and ambitions or self-understanding then change through 18th and 19th centuries?
  4. How did Japanese culture change during the Tokugawa period? What was the importance of Confucianism to the culture of Japan?

Intersexuality

This week’s readings add the concept of difference to body politics, and ask us to think about how women’s bodies can situate them within multiple identity categories.

FIRST, define “intersectionality” (or “intersectional feminism”) in your own words.

THEN, discuss how intersectional identity can affect women’s experiences and relationship to society.

Refer to at least three learning resources assigned for this week in your response (these may include last week’s course module reading “Women and Body Politics“) and provide specific examples from the reading, the news, or your own life. Some questions to consider:

  • What is the historic relationship between women of color and mainstream feminism? What remedies have been proposed to repair that relationship?
  • How can differences in race, class, age, sexual orientation, nationality, ability, religion, gender identity, or other identity categories affect how a woman experiences the images and expectations of women found throughout our society and the media?
  • How can different intersectional identities complicate the decisions about which goals feminist activists and politicians ought to pursue?
  • Why are African American feminists particularly vocal about the problems of mainstream feminism for women of color? What is the history that they are trying to emphasize?
  • Age is often a “forgotten” identity category, particularly when it comes to political activism. Why do you think that is? What can be done about it?
  • Why and how does intersectional feminism help us to reconceive relationships among women of different identity groups? How can this reconception benefit our society in the long run?

Social Engineering.

Week 2 Discussion Post – Social Engineering.

Respond to a scholarly article of your choosing that is related to Social Engineering.  The article must be current (within the last 12 months) and should be peer-reviewed.  Please do not source writings that are part of an advertisement or non-scholarly writings.  Your response should be in APA format, with a minimum of 3 comprehensive paragraphs.  A minimum of two APA cited references should be listed for responses and reviews.

beneficial in determining how a program/service

SOCW 6530 wk 7 peer responses

Respond to the blog posts of three colleagues in one or more of the following ways:

Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.

Make a suggestion to your colleague’s post.

MUST RESPOND TO EACH ONE SEPARATELY CITE EVERYTHING AND FULL REFERENCES

PEER 1 Alicia Simpkin

Evaluation of How You Have Addressed Evaluation or How You Might Address Evaluation

Evaluation of a service is beneficial in determining how a program/service is being run and whether or not it is working the way it is supposed to. When someone evaluates a service, they gather information related to how the program is being run, such as whether it has worked properly, or whether things need to be changed (i.e. implemented or removed). Evaluation may be done through surveys or other measurements to determine the validity of such. This information gathered may be utilized as ‘evidence’ when defending the use of the service or program in practice.

According to the text, when considering the use of evidence in practice, “practitioners generally first consider the proximal similarity of information and the trustworthiness of the source before directly translating research into their clinical practice” (Wharton & Bolland, 2012). Practitioners will determine whether the research can be trusted before moving forward with incorporating such into their future practice.

In my field placement, services are typically evaluated through client satisfaction surveys upon discharge, or one can determine how a program is being run through client progress. If the program is running the way it should, then client progress will reflect such. For example, sessions with clients often have a purpose, whether that is to identify their triggers and work through them, or offer resources and other information and encouragement that allows them to work towards achieving their goals, etc. If client notes reflect progress in their recovery and progress towards achieving their goals, then one is able to understand that the tools offered in the program are beneficial in client recovery. I would also address evaluation of the program through client satisfaction surveys, which would allow clients to address all concerns and share what has worked for them and what has not worked well.

References

Wharton, T. C., & Bolland, K. A. (2012). Practitioner Perspectives of Evidence-Based Practice. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services.

PEER 2  LaTiona Washington

An explanation of how you have addressed evaluation or how you might address evaluation in your field education experience

The evaluation focuses on the patient’s progress, goals, and if they need to be reevaluated (Scarnato, 2019). At Rolling Hills Hospitals (RHH), the term “Hospital” informs how the intent is to stabilize and discharge. Initially, it was difficult to determine evaluation at my agency. We assist the patient in creating long-term and short-term goals. Due to our setting, we are unable to follow up regarding long-term goals. Short-term goals focus on stabilization so the patient can be released. These goals include denying suicidal ideation for 48 hours prior to discharge, attending groups, getting out of bed, eating meals daily, and complying with medication.

The doctors visit the patient daily and are knowledgeable about these goals. The doctor communicates with the social worker and both evaluate to see if the patient is stable enough to go home. A patient is stable enough when they no longer meet the clinical perimeters to be in the hospital. The social worker meets with the patient every other day due to their workload. I conduct evaluations when performing discharges. I can review how the client initially presented to the hospital, their assessment, and follow up to evaluate their current progress. If everything looks good, they are released.

Reference

Scarnato, J. M. (2019, July 30). The Generalist Intervention Model. MSW Careers. https://mswcareers.com/generalistinterventionmodel/.

PEER 3   Omoyinka Orekoya

An explanation of how you have addressed evaluation or how you might address evaluation in your field education experience.

Evaluation is the strategy to determine if the interventions we have used after our assessments of the clients are working, that is if what goals we hoped to reach have been achieved. It is also an endpoint activity that can lead to a mature client-worker decision to terminate professional relationships (Kirst-Ashman,  & Hull, 2018 p.308).  It can be done on the micro, mezzo, and macro.

Evaluation can help to build the knowledge base of the profession through the documentation of the success of our efforts and increase both practice wisdom and publish knowledge (Kirst-Ashman, & Hull, 2018 p.310). Evaluation will hit its target if an evidence-based practice is used. EBP, according to Wharton,& Bolland, (2012), is  “a decision-making process integrating best research evidence, practitioner expertise, and client or community characteristics, values, and preferences in a manner compatible with the organizational systems and context in which care delivery occurs” (p.158)

     Taking the importance of evaluation into consideration, as an intern, I  might address evaluation in my field education experience in the following ways:

Removing the fears that evaluation can bring. When it comes to evaluating my work, there may be questions like “what if I am not successful with every client. To remove this fear is to do everything possible to be successful while working with my clients (Kirst-Ashman,  & Hull, 2018 p.311).

Proper management of caseloads in order to be able to evaluate the outcome or follow up on my clients’ progress. If a client’s case gets worse, evaluating the process is already defeated. I will work earnestly to make sure that my clients are returned to the positions they were in before the crisis.

An evaluation may call for time, expenses, and patience. All these will be adequately planned to have a successful progress monitoring. I will also make sure that I get enough training in my internship in the use of evaluation approaches that are evidence-based to yield the best result Wharton, & Bolland,(2012).

Reference

Kirst-Ashman, K. K., & Hull, G. H., Jr. (2018). Understanding generalist practice (8th ed.)Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Wharton, T. C., & Bolland, K. A. (2012). Practitioner perspectives of evidence-based practice. Families in Society, 93(3), 157–164.

Scavenger Hunt

Part A: Scavenger Hunt

Identify a character from film, literature, art, television, video games etc., that you think is a good representation of a hero, a trickster, and the other. Embed a picture of each into your post, using these instructions and provide a citation for each image. Then, for each image, write a one-sentence caption that lists three adjectives that describe the character in terms of the archetype they represent.

 

Part B: Discussion Question (This post should be at least 250 words long and include two citations in MLA style)

First, identify and briefly summarize the story of a hero or heroine or the story of a trickster. Be sure to use a reliable resource for your myth and cite it in MLA style in your post.

 

Secondly, explain how this character’s story aligns with the heroic monomyth or displays characteristics of the trickster.

 

Finally, explain what qualities, values, beliefs, norms or practices (types of nonmaterial culture) you think someone could learn from the hero or trickster story you choose. Why?

Cultural Models of Breast Cancer

Review the Chapter 8 case study, Cultural Models of Breast Cancer, located in Section 8.2 in your textbook.

  • Compare and contrast the different cultures highlighted in the case study.
  • Critique the information presented in the case study by addressing the following questions:
    • How did your research findings support and dispute the information presented in the case study? Explain in detail the differences and similarities found.
    • What are possible ethical issues that may have affected the results in the case study?
    • If you were one of the researchers on the team, how would you devise a plan to address these ethical issues?
  • Determine the social and biological determinants of health that likely influenced the results in the case study. Were the determinants of health the same across all the cultural groups in the case study? Why or why not?

instrument for measuring a phenomenon or client issue

In discussion 1, you considered how you might create an instrument for measuring a phenomenon or client issue. For this week’s Discussion 2, choose and evaluate an existing instrument to measure the concept you identified in Discussion 1. Consider how you would compare your original measurement to the existing measurement.

To Prepare: Review the following at the Walden Library on how to find existing instruments:

http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/testsmeasures

By Day 5

Posta brief explanation of the existing measurement instrument that you identified. Then, compare your original measurement approach to the existing instrument. Next, explain how you would revise or replace your original measurement plan. Finally explain the advantages and/or disadvantages of using existing instruments for measurement. Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.